Professor HORTA, Hugo

General research areas:

Higher Education Studies (main); Science Studies; Public Policy

Main research interests:

The impact of doctoral experiences on research engagement, career trajectories, and productivity
The role of academic inbreeding and mobility in shaping research careers and outputs
The strategic research agendas (SRAs) of academics

Teaching:

CCGL9005/CCGL5005 (online) Poverty, Development, and the Next Generation: Challenges for a Global World

MEDD6098 Critical issues in educational reform

MEDD8919 Science and higher education systems and policy

​

Taught before:

EDUC6652 School and society: Understanding the processes and contexts of education

MEDD6014 Methods of research and enquiry

MEDD6751 Education Studies

MEDD6347 Comparative Higher Education Policy Studies

MEDD8664 Youth and Education

​PhD students under-supervision:

Supervising (as primary supervisor only) the PhD thesis of:

• Wangyi Dai (Monique): “Job preferences of PhD students based on discrete choice experiment”, started in 2023.
• Michael Lane Tessmer: “A Longitudinal Qualitative Study of Doctoral Student Identity Development”, started in 2023.
• Ng Chi Wui Ross: “Impacts of Socioeconomic Status on Educational Aims of PhD Students in Hong Kong”, started in 2022.
• Pengjuan Wang: “Chinese academics’ motivation to act as reviewers for domestic and international journals”, started in 2021.
• Qin Hanyu: “The Discrepancy Between Career Preference and Reality of Early Career Researchers: To promote scientific competency of PhD students”, started in 2021.

Supervised the PhD theses of:

• Gong Guoqin (Jack): “Between Red Republic and Confucian Shimen: Chinese Intellectual Leadership in Higher Education”, started in 2020, concluded in 2025.

• Ting Zhou: “Engagement, socialization, and motivation in the academic peer review process among Chinese STEM doctoral students” started in 2020, concluded in 2025.
• Yutong Wang (Olivia): “Unpacking Social Innovation Education in Higher Education Institutions: A selection of case studies from Hong Kong”, started in 2020, concluded in 2024.
• Huan Li: “Exploring factors during the doctorate that shape career trajectories of PhD holders in mainland China”, started in 2020, concluded in 2024.
• Paulo Loureiro Maia: "The link between academic research and participatory research" (Institution granting the degree: Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Lisbon), started in 2018, concluded in 2024.

• Jin Jin: “The perceptions of post-docs in China concerning their current working situation and future employability”, started in 2016, concluded in 2023.
• Hong Yifeng: “Transnational Academic Mobility in Japanese Higher Education: A Transnationalism Perspective”, started in 2017, concluded in 2022.
• Li Tang: “Female academics in China: history, experiences of career progression and possibilities for change”, started in 2017, concluded in 2022.
• Yingxin Liu (Margaret): “Delving into the conceptualization and implementation of scholarly research agenda setting in the context of higher education: a regional exploration in East Asia, started in 2017, concluded in 2022.
• Pubali Ghosh: “Decision-making about private tutoring for and by science-stream senior secondary students in West Bengal, India: An ecological analysis”, started in 2016, concluded in 2021.
• João M. Santos: "The role of scientific agendas in defining researcher and academic careers" (Institution granting the degree: ISCTE-IUL), started in 2017 and concluded in 2020.
• Sandra Hasanefendic: "Research Funding at Universities of Applied Sciences: On the Development of Policies to Reinforce Institutional Integrity and Higher Education Diversity" (Institution granting the degree: Joint PhD degree from the Free University of Amsterdam and ISCTE-IUL), started in 2014, concluded in February 2018.

Supervising the EdD thesis of:

• Shuxian Luo: “Academic Mobility, Institutional Logics, and Sustainable Talent Pipelines: A Comparative Study of Non-Elite Universities in China’s Greater Bay Area”, started in 2025.
• Lam Ki Wing (Kate): “Beyond the Degree: External Influences on the Educational Trajectories and Career Choices of PhD Graduates in Hong Kong”, started in 2023.

Supervised the EdD theses of:

• Jiang Qinxu (Violet): " The essentiality of career planning for international MBBS students in China" (EdD), started in 2017, concluded in 2022. (won the Faculty of Education Best EdD Thesis 2022-23).

Several PhD students from universities around the world have undertaken short-term research visits at The University of Hong Kong to work under my supervision. These visits, ranging from two to six months, were initiated either by the students or their supervisors:

•    Andrey Lovakov (2016) and Saule Bekova (2018) from the Higher School of Economics, Russia.
•    Marina Morante (2024) from Universitat Ramon Llull, Spain.
•    Yu Yitian (2025) from the Beijing Institute of Technology, China.
•    Li Yang (2025) from Tsinghua University, China.

Received the Faculty Outstanding Researcher Award 2024-25 by the Faculty of Education of the University of Hong Kong. 

Received the Faculty Outstanding Research Student Supervisor Award 2023-24 by the Faculty of Education of the University of Hong Kong.

The article co-authored with Jisun Jung titled “The crisis of peer review: Part of the evolution of science” was the most cited article for the past two years (2023-2025) in Higher Education Quarterly.

Nominated to become member of the Steering Committee of the Higher Education Research Association in Asia (HERA) in June of 2024. HERA is the Asian association of higher education researchers.

The article co-authored with Huan Li titled “Nothing but publishing: the overriding goal of PhD students in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau” was the most cited article in Studies in Higher Education (SHE) for the period of three years (2022 to 2024). 

The EdD student Jiang Qinxu under my supervision received the Award for the Best Doctor of Education Thesis in 2022-23.

Nominated by the board members and unanimously selected to become the Chairperson (president) of the Board of Governors of the Consortium for Higher Education Researchers (CHER) in 2021. I was also nominated and elected to become a member of the board of governors in 2018. CHER is the European association of higher education researchers. 

Awarded a globally competitive visiting professor fellowship part of the STaRs programme in 2021 to do a research visit for three months at the Faculty of Engineering of the University of Bergamo, Italy. The visit took place in 2023.

2017-2018 HKU Overseas Fellowship Award given on a university-wide competitive basis for my research project and work to be undertaken during the sabbatical in the Center for Global Higher Education (CGHE) at the Institute of Education, UCL, London.

Faculty Early Career Output Research Award of 2016 for the article: Santos, J.M. & Horta, H. (2015) The generational gap of science – a dynamic cluster analysis of doctorates in an evolving scientific system. Scientometrics, 104(1): 381-406.

Recipient of the Comparative and International Education Society (CIES) Higher Education SIG Best Book Award 2019 for the edited volume: Researching Higher Education in Asia: History, Development and Future (in co-authorship with Dr. Jisun Jung, HKU, and Prof. Akiyoshi Yonezawa, Tohoku University, Japan; Springer).

Considered a Top Reviewer for the Social Sciences, General – September 2018 by the Publons platform for being in the top 1% in the field of social sciences, general with most reviews performed during the year of 2018.

Research Grant Council. Project “Furthering knowledge on strategic research agendas in global and Chinese academia” (Principal Investigator), 651,000 HKD, 2023-2027.

Research Grant Council, General Research Funding (GRF) awarded by the Hong Kong Research Grant Committee. Project “Factors influencing current and expected career trajectories of PhD students and PhD holders in China, Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan” (Principal Investigator), 2020-2022.

Research Grant Council, Project "Characterising researcher' research agenda-setting: an international perspective across fields of study", Temp RGC Ref No. T26120116 (Principal Investigator), 2017-2019.

Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Project “Career trajectories of doctorates: deepening the knowledge on types of mobility”, reference PTDC/IVC-ESCT/3788/2012 (Principal Investigator), 2013-2016.

Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Project “The Portuguese International Partnership Programs: assessing the role of scientific networks in the knowledge society”, reference PTDC/CS-SOC/118487/2010, (Member of the team; project based at CIES-IUL), 2011-current.

Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia/European Science Foundation, Project “Change in Networks, Higher Education and Knowledge Societies (CINHEKS)”, European Science Foundation (EUROHESK call), reference EuroHesc/0002/2008, (National Principal Investigator), 2009-2013.

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Project research entitled “Academic inbreeding: its impact on scholarly activities in Japan, France, Portugal and Mexico” with the reference number JSPS ID P08014 (Principal Investigator).

I have been evaluator of research project submissions for the following funding agencies:

•    National Science Foundation (NSF), US
•    Research Grants Committee (RGC), Hong Kong
•    National Social Sciences Key Project, National Social Science Fund of China (NSSFC), China
•    Austrian Science Fund (FWF), Austria
•    National Science Centre, Poland
•    Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation), Portugal
•    Katholieke Universiteit (KL) Leuven, Belgium

Updated publication list in the refereed literature (Scopus): here

Editor of Special Issues​​​

1. Editor of the special issue "Competition dynamics in higher education systems in East Asia". August 2025.
2. Co-editor of the special issue "Higher Education research of master students; nurturing their development, hearing their voices, and promoting their expectations" at Higher Education Evaluation & Development (with Jisun Jung, The University of Hong Kong). 2025
3. Co-editor of the special issue "Employment trajectories of PhD graduates in East Asia" at Higher Education Quarterly (with Wenqin Shen, Peking University). 2024.
4. Editor of the special issue "Together is better: collaborative contributions from higher education researchers based in Europe and Asia", 2022
5. Co-editor of the special issue "New perspectives and analytical approaches to better understand academic inbreeding" at Higher Education Quarterly (with Orlanda Tavares, Alberto Amaral and Cristina Sin, CIPES, Portugal), 2022.
6. Co-editor of the special issue "The evolution of knowledge production in East Asian countries: learning from the past to draw implications for future policy”in the Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management (with Ka-Ho Mok, Lingnam University), March 2020. 
7. Co-editor of the special issue “Technological Change in the Iberian region” at Technological Forecasting and Social Change. (with Manuel Heitor, IN+, Portugal, and César Dopazo and Norberto Feyo, University of Zaragoza, Spain), December 2016.
8. Co-editor of the special issue “Higher Education Research in East Asia: Regional and National Evolution and Path-dependencies” at Higher Education Policy. (with Jisun Jung, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, and Akiyoshi Yonezawa, University of Nagoya, Japan), December 2015.
9. Co-editor of the special issue “Scientific Capacitation and Innovation Policy in Latin America” at JOTMI - Journal of Technology and Innovation Management (with Manuel Heitor, IN+/IST, Portugal, Rosário Ibarra, UNAM Mexico, Roberto Sbragia, University of São Paulo, Brazil, and Alejandro Jiménez Montecinos, University Alberto Hurtado, Chile), December 2014.
10. Co-editor of the special issue “Academic knowledge production, diffusion and commercialization policies and practices: perspectives from developed and catching-up countries” at Science and Public Policy. (with Liudvika Leisyte, CHEPS, University of Twente, The Netherlands), 2011.
11. Co-editor of the special issue “Network ethics in the growing global, multi-dimensional and technological academy” at the International Journal of Cyber Ethics in Education, July-September 2011, 1(3) (with William Boyd, South Cross University, Australia). 

Articles in Referred International Journals

1.    Zhou, T. & Horta, H. (2025) Engagement in the Journal Peer Reviewing Process among STEM Doctoral Students in China. Minerva. Online first. 

2.    Horta, H. & Dai M.W. (2025) Job Preferences of Chinese PhD Students in Competitive Labor Markets. Studies in Higher Education. Online first. 

3.    Wang, P. & Horta, H. (2025) Peer review in Chinese national journals: historical development and challenges. Higher Education. Online first. 

4.    Civera, A., Horta, H., Meoli, M., & Paleari, S. (2025) Academically inbred presidents and university performance. Studies in Higher Education. Online first. 

5.    Wang, Y. & Horta, H. (2024) Teaching and Learning Social Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Higher Education: A scoping review. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship. Online first. 

6.    Horta, H. & Santos, J.M. (2025) A typology of peer-reviewers: role, characteristics, and egoistic and altruistic perspectives. Research Evaluation 34: rvaf021. 

7.    Wang, Y. & Horta, H. (2025) University-based social innovation and entrepreneurship education in Hong Kong: a curriculum analysis. Studies in Higher Education 50(6): 1248-1267. 

8.    Loureiro, P.M. & Horta, H. (2024) Who engages whom? Deficit communication in participatory science governance as democratic deficit. Science and Public Policy 51(4): 721-733. 

9.    Horta, H. & Jung, J. (2024) The crisis of peer review: part of the evolution of science. Higher Education Quarterly 78(4): e12511. 

10.    Tang, L. & Horta, H. (2024) Supporting Academic Women’s Careers: Male and Female Academics’ Perspectives at a Chinese Research University. Minerva 62: 113-139. 

11.    Horta, H. & Li, H. (2024) Ageism and age anxiety experienced by Chinese doctoral students in enacting a “successful” career script in academia. Higher Education 88: 1429-1444. 

12.    Kwiek, M., Horta, H., & Powell, J. (2024) Using large-scale bibliometric data in higher education research: methodological implications from three studies. Higher Education Quarterly 78(4): e12512. 

13.    Horta, H. & Santos, J.M. (2024) Determinants of peer review engagement and quality in scientific journals: insights for academic research and the sustainability of the peer-review system. Studies in Higher Education 49(9): 1553-1568. 

14.    Li, H. & Horta, H. (2024) Exploring the identity development of PhD graduates transitioning to non-researcher roles. Higher Education Quarterly 78(2): 421-435. 

15.    Horta, H., Li, H., & Chan, S.-J. (2024) Why do students pursue a doctorate in the era of the ‘PhD crisis’? Evidence from Taiwan. Higher Education Quarterly 78(2): 505-522. 

16.    Jiang, Q., Yuen, M., & Horta, H. (2024) Coping strategies of failing international medical students in two Chinese universities: a qualitative study. Teaching and Learning in Medicine 36(2): 123-133. 

17.    Santos, J.M., Horta, H., & Feng, S. (2024) Homophily and its effects on collaborations and repeated collaborations: a study across scientific fields. Scientometrics 129: 1801-1823. 

18.    Jiang, J., Horta., H., and Yuen, M. (2024) High- and low-achieving international medical students’ perceptions of the factors influencing their academic performance at Chinese universities, Medical Education Online 29:1, DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2023.2300194. 

19.    Li, H., Jung, J., & Horta, H. (2024) The same starting line? The effect of a master’s degree on PhD students’ career trajectories. Studies in Continuing Education 46(1): 20-37. 

20.    Li, H., & Horta, H. (2024) Perceived academic working conditions and career choices of Chinese PhD students, Studies in Higher Education 49(8): 1329-1345. 

21.    Jung, J., Li, H., & Horta, H. (2023) Procedures, criteria, and decision-making in doctoral admissions: the case of China’s leading research universities. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education 48(8): 1119-1134. 

22.    Horta, H. & Tang, L. (2023) Gender inequality and bias in Chinese universities: perceptions of male and female academics. Higher Education Research & Development 42(8): 1954-1969. 

23.    Horta, H. (2023) Emerging and near future challenges of higher education in East Asia. Asian Economic Policy Review 18(2): 171-191. 

24.    Horta, H., & Tang, L. (2023) Male and female academics' gendered perceptions of academic work and career progression in China. Higher Education Quarterly 77(3): 515-536. 

25.    Horta, H. & Li, H. (2023) Nothing but publishing: the overriding goal of PhD students in mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau. Studies in Higher Education 48(2): 263-282. 

26.    Zhang, L.-F. & Horta, H. (2023) Research agendas and job dissatisfaction among Hong Kong academics. Higher Education 85: 103-122. 

27.    Santos, J.M., Horta, H., & Li, H. (2022) Are the strategic research agendas of researchers in the social sciences determinants of research productivity? Scientometrics 127: 3719-3747. 

28.    Santos, J.M., Horta, H., & Luna, H. (2022) The relationship between academics’ strategic research agendas and their preferences for basic research, applied research, or experimental development. Scientometrics 127: 4191-4225. 

29.    Horta, H. (2022) Trust and incentives in academic research and the position of universities within innovation systems. Higher Education 84(6): 1343-1363. 

30.    Horta, H. (2022) Academic inbreeding: academic oligarchy, effects, and barriers to change. Minerva 60: 593-613. 

31.    Horta, H., Santos, J.M., & Loureiro, P.M. (2022) The strategic research agenda of academics and the involvement of non-academic peers in research in regimes of academic nested hybridity. European Journal of Higher Education 12(1): 355-372. 

32.    Tang, L. & Horta, H. (2022) Studies on women academics in Chinese academic journals: a review. Higher Education Quarterly 76(4): 815-834. 

33.    Li, H. & Horta, H. (2021) Factors influencing PhD students’ intentions to pursue careers in the government and nonprofit sectors: Evidence from a global survey. Higher Education Research & Development 41(6): 1946-1961. 

34.    Horta H., Panova A., Santos J.M., & Yudkevich, M. (2022) The adaptation of academics to the Covid-19 crisis in terms of work time allocation. PLoS ONE 17(8): e0273246. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273246. 

35.    Horta, H., Feng, S., & Santos, J.M. (2022) Homophily in higher education research: a perspective based on co-authorships. Scientometrics 127(1): 523-543. 

36.    Horta, H., Meoli, M., & Santos, J.M. (2022) Academic inbreeding and choice of strategic research approaches. Higher Education Quarterly 76(1): 76-101. 

37.    Horta, H., Meoli, M., & Vismara, S. (2022) Crowdfunding in higher education: evidence from UK universities. Higher Education 83(3): 547-575. 

38.    Jiang, Q., Horta, H. & Yuen, M. (2022) International medical students’ perspectives on factors affecting their academic success in China: a qualitative study. BMC Medical Education 22, article number 574. 

39.    Jiang, Q., Horta, H. & Yuen, M. (2022) Factors related to university teaching that influence academic success of international medical students in China. F1000Research 11:894 

40.    Jung, J., Horta, H., Zhang, L.-f., & Postiglione, G.A. (2021) Factors fostering and hindering research collaboration with doctoral students among academics in Hong Kong. Higher Education 82: 519-540. 

41.    Seeber, M., & Horta, H. (2021) No road is long without good company. What factors affect PhD student’s satisfaction with their supervisor? Higher Education Evaluation and Development 15(1): 2-18. 

42.    Tang, L., & Horta, H. (2021) Women academics in Chinese universities: a historical perspective. Higher Education 82(5): 865-895. 

43.    Santos, J.M., Horta, H., & Amâncio, L. (2021) Research agendas of female and male academics: a new perspective on gender disparities in academia, Gender and Education 33(5): 625-643. 

44.    Loureiro, P.M., Horta, H., & Santos, J.M. (2021) Mapping case Studies of public engagement and participation in science and technology. Science and Technology Studies 34(2): 46-64. 

45.    Feng, S. & Horta, H. (2021) Brokers of international student mobility: The roles and processes of education agents in China. European Journal of Education 56(2): 248-264. 

46.    Horta, H., Birolini, S., Cattaneo, M., Shen, W., & Paleari, S. (2021) Research network propagation: the impact of PhD students’ temporary international mobility. Quantitative Science Studies 2(1): 129-154. 

47.    Jung, J., Horta, H., & Postiglione, G.A. (2021) Living in uncertainty: the COVID-19 pandemic and higher education in Hong Kong. Studies in Higher Education 46(1): 107-120. 

48.    Santos, J.M. & Horta, H. (2020) The association between researchers’ conceptions of research and their strategic research agendas, Journal of Data and Information Science 5(4): 56-74. 

49.    Jiang, Q., Yuen, M., & Horta, H. (2020) Factors influencing life satisfaction of international students in Mainland China. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling 42(4): 393-413. 

50.    Horta, H., & Santos, J.M. (2020) Organisational factors and academic research agendas: an analysis of academics in the social sciences, Studies in Higher Education 45(12): 2382-2397. 

51.    Zhang, L.-F., Horta, H., Jung, J., & Postiglione, G.A. (2020) The research-teaching nexus: not merely an enduring myth. Higher Education Forum 17: 67-97. 

52.    Horta, H., & Santos, J.M. (2020) The multidimensional research agendas inventory – revised (MDRAI-R): factors shaping researchers’ research agendas in all fields of knowledge. Quantitative Science Studies 1(1): 60-93. 

53.    Santos, J.M., Horta, H., & Zhang, L.-F. (2019) The association of thinking styles with research agendas among academics in the social sciences. Higher Education Quarterly 74(2): 193-210. 

54.    Horta, H., Jung, J., & Santos J.M. (2020) Mobility and Research Performance of Academics in City-based higher education systems. Higher Education Policy 33(3): 437-458. 

55.    Horta, H., & Mok, K.-H. (2020) Challenges to research systems, academic research and knowledge production in East Asia: learning from the past to inform future policy. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management 42(2): 119-133. 

56.    Horta, H., & Shen, W. (2020) Current and future challenges of the Chinese research system. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management 42(2): 157-177. 

57.    Horta, H., Jung, J., Zhang, L.F., & Postiglione, G. (2019) Academics’ job-related stress and institutional commitment in Hong Kong universities. Tertiary Education and Management 25(4): 327-348. 

58.    Cattaneo, M., Horta, H., & Meoli, M., (2018) Dual appointments and research collaborations outside academia: evidence from the European academic population. Studies in Higher Education 44(11): 2066-2080. 

59.    Cattaneo, M., Horta, H., Malighetti, P., Meoli, M., & Paleari, S. (2019) The relationship between competition and programmatic diversification. Studies in Higher Education 44(7): 1222-1240. 

60.    Horta, H., Cattaneo, M., & Meoli, M. (2019) The impact of Ph.D. funding on time to Ph.D. completion. Research Evaluation 28(2): 182-195. 

61.    Zhang, L.F., Horta, H., Jung, J., Chen, G.W., & Postiglione, G.A. (2018) The Role of Thinking Styles in Program Satisfaction and Perceived Intellectual Competence among STEM Doctoral Students. Journal of Educational Psychology 114(4): 573-589. 

62.    Cattaneo, M., Horta, H., Malighetti, P., Meoli, M., & Paleari, S. (2019) Universities’ attractiveness to students: the Darwinism effect. Higher Education Quarterly 73(1): 85-99. 

63.    Santos, J.M. & Horta, H. (2018) The research agenda setting of higher education researchers. Higher Education 76(4): 649-668.

64.    Horta, H. (2018) The declining scientific wealth of Hong Kong and Singapore. Scientometrics 117(1): 427-447. 

65.    Horta, H. (2018) PhD students’ self-perception of skills and career plans while in doctoral programs: are they associated? Asia Pacific Education Review 19(2): 211-228. 

66.    Horta, H., Jung, J., & Santos, J.M. (2018) Effects of mobilities on the research output and its multidisciplinarity of academics in Hong Kong and Macau: an exploratory study. Higher Education Quarterly 72(3): 250-265. 

67.    Wright, E. & Horta, H. (2018) Higher education participation in “high-income” universal higher education systems: “Survivalism” in the risk society. Asian Education and Development Studies 7(2): 184-204. 

68.    Jin, J. & Horta, H. (2018) Same university, same challenges? Development strategies of two schools at a prestigious Chinese university in a changing higher education landscape. Tertiary Education and Management 24(2): 95-114. 

69.    Horta, H., Cattaneo, M., & Meoli, M. (2018) PhD funding as a determinant of PhD and career research performance. Studies in Higher Education 43(3): 542-570. 

70.    Patrício, M.T., Santos, P., Loureiro, P.M., & Horta, H. (2018) Faculty-exchange programs promoting change: motivations, experiences, and influence of participants in the Carnegie Mellon University-Portugal Faculty Exchange Program. Tertiary Education and Management 24(1): 1-18. 

71.    Cattaneo, M., Horta, H., Malighetti, P., Meoli, M., & Paleari, S. (2017) Effects of the financial crisis on university choice by gender. Higher Education 74(5): 775-798. 

72.    Hasanefendic, S., Birkholz, J., Horta, H., & van der Sijde, P. (2017) Individuals in action: Bringing about innovation in higher education. European Journal of Higher Education 7(2): 101-119. 

73.    Kim, Y., Horta, H., & Jung, J. (2017) Higher Education research in Hong Kong, Japan, China and Malaysia: exploring research community cohesion and the integration of thematic approaches. Studies in Higher Education 42(1): 149-168. 

74.    Heitor, M.V., & Horta, H. (2016) Reforming higher education in Portugal in times of uncertainty: The importance of illities, as non-functional requirements. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 113(Part B): 146-156. 

75.    Horta, H., & Patrício, T. (2016) Setting-up an international partnership program: a case study between Portuguese and US universities. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 113(Part B): 230-239. 

76.    Heitor, M.V., Horta, H., & Leocádio, M. (2016) Enlarging the social basis of higher education: Lessons learned from extending a social support system with a risk-sharing loan scheme in Portugal. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 113(Part B): 319-327. 

77.    Hasanefendic, S., Heitor, M.V., & Horta, H. (2016) Training students for new jobs: the role of technical and vocational higher education and implications for science policy in Portugal. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 113(Part B): 328-340. 

78.    Santos, J.M., Horta, H., & Heitor, M.V (2016) Too many PhDs? An invalid argument for countries developing their scientific and academic systems: The case of Portugal. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 113(Part B): 352-362. 

79.    Horta, H., & Yudkevich, M. (2016) The role of academic inbreeding in developing higher education systems: Challenges and possible solutions. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 113(Part B): 363-372. 

80.    Pádua, M., Santos, J.M., & Horta, H. (2016) Exploring knowledge styles as determinants of preventive behavior and diabetes risk among older people. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 7(5): 249-258. 

81.    Horta, H., Meoli, M., & Vismara, S. (2016) Skilled unemployment and creation of academic spin-offs: a recession-push hypothesis. Journal of Technology Transfer 41(4): 798-817. 

82.    Horta, H., & Santos, J.M. (2016) An instrument to measure individuals’ research agenda setting: the multi-dimensional research agendas inventory. Scientometrics 108(3): 1243-1265. 

83.    Yonezawa, A., Horta, H., & Osawa, A. (2016) Mobility, formation and development of the academic profession in science, technology, engineering and mathematics in East and South East Asia. Comparative Education 52(1): 44-61. 

84.    Horta, H. & Santos, J.M. (2016) The impact of publishing during the PhD on career research publication, visibility, and collaborations. Research in Higher Education 57(1): 28-50. 

85.    Jung, J., & Horta, H. (2015) The contribution of East Asian countries to internationally published Asian higher education research: the role of system development and internationalization. Higher Education Policy 28(4): 419-439. 

86.    Santos, J.M., & Horta, H. (2015) The generational gap of science - a dynamic cluster analysis of doctorates in an evolving scientific system. Scientometrics 104(1): 381-406. 

87.    Heitor, M.V. & Horta, H. (2014) Further democratizing Latin America: Broadening access to higher education and promoting science policies focused on the advanced training of human resources. Journal of Technology Management and Innovation 9(4): 64-82. 

88.    Horta, H., & Martins, R. (2014) The start-up, evolution and impact of a research group in a university developing its knowledge base. Tertiary Education and Management 20(4): 280-293. 

89.    Horta, H., & Jung, J. (2014) Higher education research in Asia: An archipelago, two continents or merely atomization? Higher Education 68(1): 117-134. 

90.    Hoffman, D.M., Blasi, B., Culum, B., Dragsic, Z., Ewen, A., Horta, H., Nokkala, T., and Rios-Aguilar, C. (2014) The methodological illumination of a blind spot: information and communication technology and international team dynamics in a higher education research project. Higher Education 67, 473-495. 

91.    Heitor, M.V., & Horta, H. (2014). Democratizing higher education and access to science: the Portuguese reform 2006-2010. Higher Education Policy 27: 239-257. 

92.    Heitor, M.V., Horta, H., & Mendonça, J. (2014). Developing human capital and research capacity: science policies promoting brain gain. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 82, 6-22. 

93.    Horta, H., & Yonezawa, A. (2013) Going places: exploring the impact of intra-sectoral mobility on the scientific productivity and communication behaviors in Japanese academia. Asia Pacific Education Review 14(4): 537-547. 

94.    Jung, J., & Horta, H. (2013) Higher education research in Asia: a publication and co-publication analysis. Higher Education Quarterly 67(4): 398-419. 

95.    Horta, H. (2013) Deepening our understanding of academic inbreeding effects on research information exchange and scientific output: new insights for academic based research. Higher Education 65(4): 487-510. 

96.    Heitor, M.V., & Horta, H. (2012) Opening-up higher education in emerging economies: autonomy and integrity on the rise of globalization. International Journal of Chinese Education 1(2): 196-234. 

97.    Horta, H., Dautel, V., & Veloso, F. (2012) An Output Perspective on the Teaching/Research Nexus: an analysis focusing on the US higher education system. Studies in Higher Education 37(2): 171-187. 

98.    Horta, H., & Lacy, T.A. (2011). How does size matter for science? Exploring the effects of research unit size on academics' scientific productivity and information exchange behaviors. Science and Public Policy 38(6): 449-460. 

99.    Horta, H., Sato, M., & Yonezawa, A. (2011) Academic inbreeding: exploring its characteristics and rationale in Japanese universities using a qualitative perspective. Asia Pacific Education Review 12(1): 35-44. 

100.    Horta, H., Veloso, F., & Grediaga, R. (2010) Navel gazing: Academic inbreeding and scientific productivity. Management Science 56(3): 414-429. 

101.    Horta, H. (2010) The role of the state in the internationalization of universities in catching-up countries: An analysis of the Portuguese higher education system. Higher Education Policy 23: 63-81. 

102.    Horta, H. (2009) Holding a post-doctoral position before becoming a faculty member: does it bring benefits for the scholarly enterprise? Higher Education 58(5): 689-721. 

103.    Horta, H. (2009) Global and national prominent universities: internationalization, competitiveness and the role of the state. Higher Education 58(3): 387-405. 

104.    Horta, H., Huisman, J., & Heitor, M.V. (2008). Does competitive research funding regime adds to maintaining or increasing higher education diversity? Science and Public Policy 35(3): 146-158. 

105.    Horta, H. (2008) On improving the university research base: The Technical University of Lisbon case in perspective. Higher Education Policy 21: 123-146. 

106.    Horta, H., and Veloso, F., (2007). Opening the box: comparing EU and US scientific output by scientific field. Technology Forecasting and Social Change 74: 1334-1356. 

Books (authored)

1. Hong, Y. & Horta, H. (2025) Transnational academic mobility to Japan: capital, habitus, agency and social network embeddedness. Cham: Springer.

Books Co-Editor

1. Jung, J., Horta, H., and Yonezawa, A. (2017) (Eds.) Researching Higher Education in Asia: history, Development and Future. Dordrecht: Springer.
2. Horta, H., Heitor, M.V., and Salmi, J. (2016) (Eds) Trends and challenges in Science and Higher Education: building capacity in Latin America. Dordrecht: Springer.
3. Vaccaro, A., Horta, H. and Madsen, P., (2008) (Eds.), Transparency, and Information and Communication Technology: Social Responsibility and Accountability in Business and Education, Philosophy Documentation Center.

Chapters in Books/Handbooks

1.    Li, H., & Horta, H. (2024). Academic labour markets in China: building excellence through competition. In Glenda Strachan (Ed.) Research Handbook on Academic Labour Markets. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing (pp 290-298).

2.    Horta, H., & Li, H. (2023) Research funding and academics’ scholarly performance. In Lepori, B., Jongbloed, B., and Hicks, D. (Eds.) Handbook of Public Funding of Research. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing (pp. 322-338).

3.    Liu, Y., & Horta, H. (2023) Challenges, opportunities, and coping Strategies when faced with the COVID-19 Pandemic: A qualitative study of academics in mainland China and Hong Kong. In Pinheiro, R., Balbachevsky, E., Pillay, P. and Yonezawa, A. (Eds.) The Impact of Covid-19 on the Institutional Fabric of Higher Education: Old Patterns, New Dynamics, and Changing Rules? Cham: Springer (pp. 295-319)

4.    Horta, H. (2022) Academic inbreeding: the state of the art. In Blair, A., Evans, D., Hughes, C., and Tight, M. (Ed.) International perspectives on leadership in higher education. Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited (pp. 23-39).

5.    Li X., Horta H., & Jung J. (2022) University Ranking Games in East Asia: Triggers and Consequences. In: Lee W.O., Brown P., Goodwin A.L., Green A. (eds) International Handbook on Education Development in Asia-Pacific. Singapore: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2327-1_91-1

6.    Horta, H. (2017) Higher-education researchers in Asia: the risks of insufficient contribution to international higher-education research In Jung, J., Horta, H., and Yonezawa, A. (Eds) Researching Higher Education in Asia: History, Development and Future. Dordrecht: Springer (pp. 15-36).

7.    Horta, H. (2017) Is the research system in Hong Kong losing its competitiveness? In Postiglione, G.A., and Jung, J. (Eds) The Changing Academic Profession in Hong Kong. Dordrecht: Springer. (pp. 77-95).

8.    Hoffman, D.M., & Horta, H. (2016). The CINHEKS research design: taking stock and moving forward. In Hoffman, D.M. and Valimaa, J. (Eds.) Re-becoming Universities? Higher Education Institutions in Networked Knowledge Societies. Dordrecht: Springer. (pp. 41-74).

9.    Horta, H., & Blasi, B. (2016). Why public policies fostering knowledge networks in academia matter? insights from the Portuguese higher education system until 2010 In Hoffman, D.M. and Valimaa, J. (Eds.) Re-becoming Universities? Higher Education Institutions in Networked Knowledge Societies. Dordrecht: Springer. (pp. 141-168).

10.    Torres-Olave, B., Horta, H., Kollasch, A., Lee, J., and Rhoades, G. (2016) The CINHEKS comparative survey: emerging design, findings, and the art of mending fractured vessels. In Hoffman, D.M. and Valimaa, J. (Eds.) Re-becoming Universities? Higher Education Institutions in Networked Knowledge Societies. Dordrecht: Springer. (pp. 309-335).

11.    Heitor, M.V., & Horta, H. (2016). Introduction. Democratizing Higher Education and Science in Latin America. In Horta, H., Heitor, M.V., and Salmi, J. (2016) (Eds) Trends and challenges in Science and Higher Education: building capacity in Latin America. Dordrecht: Springer. (pp. 1-26)

12.    Heitor, M.V., Horta, H., & Salmi, J. (2016) Looking forward: building capacity in Latin America. In Horta, H., Heitor, M.V., and Salmi, J. (2016) (Eds) Trends and challenges in Science and Higher Education: building capacity in Latin America. Dordrecht: Springer. (pp. 289-310)

13.    Patrício, M.T., & Horta, H. (2015). [The origins of the International partnership program] As origens do programa de parcerias internacionais. In Patrício, M.T., Conceição, C.P. (Eds.) Redes e colaborações científicas: os programas de parcerias internacionais em Portugal. Lisboa: Mundos Sociais (in Portuguese). (pp. 31-49).

14.    Heitor, M.V., & Horta, H. (2015). [The Bologna process and the challenge of democratization of access to knowledge] Bolonha e o desafio da democratização do acesso ao conhecimento In Rodrigues, M.L., Costa, A.F., Sebastião, J., Patrício, T., Heitor, M.V., Martins, S.C., Conceição, C.P. (Eds.) 40 Anos de Politicas de Ciência e Ensino Superior em Portugal. Lisboa: Almedina. (in Portuguese). (pp. 558-590).

15.    Horta, H. & Maia, P.L. (2015). [Academic inbreeding in Portugal: an analysis between 2005 and 2012] Endogamia académica em Portugal: uma análise entre 2005 e 2012 In Rodrigues, M.L., Costa, A.F., Sebastião, J., Patrício, T., Heitor, M.V., Martins, S.C., Conceição, C.P. (Eds.) 40 Anos de Politicas de Ciência e Ensino Superior em Portugal. Lisboa: Almedina. (in Portuguese). (pp 899-920).

16.    Horta, H. & Hasanefendic, S. (2015). Young Doctorates in a Fast-Changing Higher Education System: The Case of Portugal. In Yudkevich, M., Altbach, P., and Rumbley, L. (Eds.) Young Faculty in the Twenty-First Century: International Perspectives. Albany: SUNY Press. (pp 201-226).

17.    Horta, H. & Noronha Lisboa Filho, P. (2014). A keystone to the future of Brazil. Fostering general and STEM education for an inclusive development. In Freeman, B., Marginson, S., and Tytler, R. (Eds) The Age of STEM: Educational policy and practices across the world in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. New York: Routledge. (pp.266-277)

18.    Yonezawa, A., Ishida, K., & Horta, H. (2014). The Long-Term Internationalization of Higher Education in Japan – A Survey of Non-Japanese Faculty Members in Japanese Universities. In Mok, K.-H., and Yu, K.M., (Eds.) Internationalization of Higher Education in East Asia – Trends of Student Mobility and Impact on Education Governance. London and New York: Routledge. (pp.179-191)

19.    Heitor, M.V., & Horta, H. (2012). Science and Technology in Portugal: From Late Awakening to the Challenge of Knowledge Integrated Communities. In Neave, G., and Amaral, A., (Eds.) Higher Education in Portugal 1974-2009: A Nation, A Generation. Dordrecht: Springer. (179-226).

20.    Yonezawa, A., & Horta, H. (2011). Reconsidering the Realities of the International Student Market: A Perspective from Japan and East-Asia. In Pusser, B., Kempner, K., Marginson, S., and Ordorika, I., (Eds.) Universities and the Public Sphere: Knowledge Creation and State Building in the era of Globalization. London and New York: Routledge. (pp. 65-80)

21.    Horta, H., & Veloso, F. (2009). Scientific Output, Social Infrastructure, and Science Policies: the case of small and medium sized countries. In Gibson, D., Geenhuizen, M. Van, Trzmielak, D. (Eds.) Value Added Partnering in a Changing World, West Lafayette: Purdue University Press. (pp 42-67)

22.    Horta, H., & Vaccaro, A. (2008). ICT, Transparency and Proactivity: finding a way for higher education institutions to regain public trust. In Vaccaro, A., Horta, H. and Madsen, P., (Eds.) Transparency, and Information and Communication Technology: Social Responsibility and Accountability in Business and Education. Philosophy Documentation Center. (pp. 227-240)

23.    Conceição, P., Heitor, M.V., & Horta, H. (2006). R&D funding in US universities: from public to private support or public policies strengthening diversification? In Enders, J., and Jongbloed, B. (Eds.) Public-Private Dynamics in Higher Education: Expectations, Developments and Outcomes. Bielefeld: Transcript-verlag. (pp. 201-328)

24.    Heitor, M.V. & Horta, H. (2004). Engenharia e desenvolvimento científico [Engineering and scientific development] In Brito, J.M.B., Heitor, M.V., Rollo, M. F., (Eds) Engenharia em Portugal no Século XX, Lisboa, D. Quixote. (in Portuguese)

25.    Heitor, M.V., Conceição, P, & Horta, H. (2004). Do Ensino Técnico ao Ensino da Engenharia em Portugal” [From technical teaching to the teaching of Engineering in Portugal] in Brito, J.M.B., Heitor, M.V., Rollo, M. F., (Eds) Engenharia em Portugal no Século XX. Lisboa, D. Quixote. (in Portuguese)

26.    Conceição, P., Heitor, M.V., & Horta, H. (2003). Reflexões sobre o Ensino Superior em Portugal: Perspectivas para o Desenvolvimento Institucional [Reflections over the Portuguese Higher Education system: perspectives for institutional development] in Amaral., A. (Ed) Consolidação da legislação do ensino superior – Avaliação e Revisão da legislação em vigor. Matosinhos: CIPES. (in Portuguese)

27.    Conceição, P, Heitor, M.V., & Horta, H. (2002). Engenharia e conhecimento: ensino técnico e investigação [Engineering and knowledge: technical teaching and research], in Brito, J.M. B., Heitor, M., Rollo, M.F., (Eds.) Engenho e Obra: Uma abordagem à história da Engenharia em Portugal no século XX, Lisboa, D.Quixote. (in Portuguese)

•    Chairperson (president) of the Consortium of Higher Education Researchers (CHER), since 2021.

•    Editor-in-Chief of Higher Education (together with Professors Simon Marginson and Paul Ashwin).

•    Co-editor of the book series Knowledge Studies in Higher Education (Springer), with Jung Cheol-Shin (Seoul National University, South Korea).

•    Member of the Steering Committee of the Higher Education Research Association in Asia (HERA), since 2024

•    Member of the Common Core Curriculum Committee and Convenor for the Area of Interest (AoI) of Global Issues, The University of Hong Kong (second mandate), since 2022. I served as a Working Group member of the Global Issues AoI from 2019 to 2022.

•    Director of the Consortium for Higher Education Researchers in Asia (CHERA), Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong (second mandate)

•    Program Director of the Master of Education, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong (second mandate), since 2021

•    Adjunct Associate Professor at the School of Education in University of Saint Joseph, Macau, 2023-2024

Newspaper/Web-news articles

1.    “Academic Publication Drive, Games, and Consequences” (with Yingxin Liu) International Higher education (number 123), June of 2025: https://ihe.bc.edu/pub/x9juguru?readingCollection=3c49bd61

2.    Interviewed and quoted by a Nature article titled "How many PhDs does the world need? Doctoral graduates vastly outnumber jobs in academia”. Published on June 22 2025: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-01855-w

3.    Full interview to Higher Education Digest. The title of the interview was “Doctoral Education in the Age of AI and Open Science”, Published on June 3rd of 2025: https://www.highereducationdigest.com/doctoral-education-in-the-age-of-ai-and-open-science-temp/ 

4.    Interviewed and quoted by a Nature article titled "Are PhDs losing their lustre? Why fewer students are enrolling in doctoral degrees” Published on February 13 2025: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-00425-4#:~:text=High%20living%20costs%20paired%20with,PhD%20enrolments%20in%20several%20countries.&text=Numbers%20of%20people%20enrolling%20in,are%20calling%20a%20worrying%20trend.

5.    Article written by me and feature in International Higher Education in the Nº 117 Winter issue (2024) on the topic “Higher Education in East Asia: Challenges for the Present and the Future” (published in early February 2024): https://doi.org/10.36197/IHE.2024.117.18

6.    Interviewed by Noreen Mir on RTHK Radio 3 on the topic “ Challenges of Higher Education in East Asia” on 19th of January of 2024: https://www.facebook.com/NoreenMirRTHKradio3/videos/412729937773496/

7.    My research work was the inspiration for this news piece titled: “’trailblazing’ research agendas linked to academic mobility’ published in Times Higher Education on the 23rd of May 2023: https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/trailblazing-research-agendas-linked-academic-mobility 

8.    Article written based on my research in a piece titled: “Chinese scholars’ see equality despite contradictions” published in Times Higher Education on the 20th of April 2023: https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/chinese-scholars-see-gender-equality-despite-contradictions 

9.    Written a piece with Huan Li (PhD student) titled【学术发表与写作】当博士生们只关注发表时，学术界将遭受损失] in the Tourism and Hospitality Prospects (China): https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/Jg_ZkUZPOo3D4RFuCBI2TA (Published 09th March 2023).

10.    Cited in an article on University World News titled: “Exodus of university students and professors continues” on 24th January 2023: https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20230124150458875 

11.    Written a piece with Huan Li (PhD student) titled: “When publishing becomes the sole focus of PhD programmes academia suffers” in the London School of Economics (LSE) impact Blog (this blog has more than 15,000 readers worldwide) on December 5th 2022: https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2022/12/05/when-publishing-becomes-the-sole-focus-of-phd-programmes-academia-suffers/

12.    Written a piece with Huan Li (PhD student) titled “Doctoral students, ‘publish or perish’ and academic recruitment criteria: implications for the future of academia and science in China” in the SCAPE Blog: https://scapeblog.edu.hku.hk/archives/5844 (Published 17th November 2022).

13.    Article written based on my research in a piece titled: “´Publish or perish’ culture continues to distort research” published in University World News on 27th of October 2022: https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20221027134017309 

14.    Cited in an article on University World News titled: “Hong Kong bid to lure talent from world’s top 100” on 20th October 2022: https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=2022102014421831 

15.    Cited in a piece titled: “A limited horizon” for the FAPESP Magazine (Brazil). August 2021, https://revistapesquisa.fapesp.br/en/a-limited-horizon/ 

16.    Cited in The Times Higher Education on a piece about the effect of the pandemic on higher education. The title of the news piece is: “East Asia gets back to business as usual as the storm wanes”: https://www.timeshighereducation.com/world-university-rankings/east-asia-gets-back-business-usual-storm-wanes 

17.    My research work was the inspiration for this news piece published in Times Higher Education titled: “Teaching universities lead UK’s £60 million crowdfunding haul” on April 21st 2021 (the paper is cited, by my colleague Michele Meoli was interviewed): https://www.timeshighereducation.com/news/teaching-universities-lead-uks-ps60-million-crowdfunding-haul

18.    Cited in a news piece for one of major Portuguese newspapers - Público: “O que se tem feito para combater a endogamia académica?” [what has been done to fight academic inbreeding?]: https://www.publico.pt/2019/04/24/ciencia/noticia/combater-endogamia-academica-1870166

19.    “How does funding and publication affect the time taken to complete a PhD?” at London School of Economics (LSE) impact blog (with Michele Meoli and Mattia Cattaneo): https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/impactofsocialsciences/2019/04/16/how-does-funding-and-publication-effect-the-time-taken-to-complete-a-phd/ 

20.    “Does a Higher Education Community Exists in Asia?” at International Higher Education, Number 74, Winter 2013: https://htmldbprod.bc.edu/prd/f?p=2290:4:0::NO:RP,4:P0_CONTENT_ID:120516

21.    “Training students for new jobs: intermediary function of technical and vocational higher education” (with Sandra Hasanefendic) for the Blog Europe for Knowledge, the official blog for ECPR Standing Group on Knowledge Politics and Policies https://era.ideasoneurope.eu/2017/04/03/training-students-new-jobs-intermediary-function-technical-vocational-higher-education/

22.    Cited in a news piece about growing flow of Hong Kong students applying for US universities for the South China Morning Post (SCMP). The title of the piece is “’Growing numbers’ of Hong Kong school students applying for US universities – and paying thousands for ‘college prep’ tutoring” https://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/education-community/article/2049306/growing-numbers-hong-kong-high-school-students 

23.    Cited in a Spanish Blog about education Actúa por la Educación about recruitment processes in Southern European universities and academic inbreeding. The title of the piece is ªEn qué se parecen la endogamia académica y las patatas fritas” [In what way is academic inbreeding and French fries similar?]. http://www.actuaeducacion.com/2016/12/23/en-que-se-parecen-la-endogamia-academica-y-las-patatas-fritas/

24.    Cited in a news piece about the importance of publishing during the PhD for Times Higher Education. The title of the piece is “PhDs: should you publish while you study?”https://www.timeshighereducation.com/blog/phds-should-you-publish-while-you-study

25.    Audio podcast ‘Asian Higher Education’ by Hugo Horta, to Will Brehm’s FreshEd on 21 July 2016 http://www.freshedpodcast.com/hugohorta/

26.    “Reversing decades of brain drain” at University World News (with Manuel Heitor and Joana Mendonça): http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20130516041044252

27.    “Understanding the pros and cons of academic inbreeding” at University World News: http://www.universityworldnews.com/article.php?story=20131009120224656

As part of my General Research Fund (GRF) project, I led the development of the website "What Kind of Researcher Are You?" (https://hku.au1.qualtrics.com/jfe/form/SV_3VJXUKhilV1ruvk), which makes the Multidimensional Research Agendas Inventory – Revised (MDRAI-R) (see Publication 52 in my list of international peer-reviewed journals) accessible to academics, researchers, and the general public. Launched in January 2020, the website features an interactive instrument that, once completed, uses built-in AI to conduct a comparative analysis with other responses. It then generates a personalized profile of the respondent’s strategic research agendas, effectively identifying their researcher type. This tool supports self-reflection and strategic planning for researchers across disciplines.

Conference presentations

Keynotes
1.    Horta, H. Keynote titled “Forget the tortoise, probably not even the hare will make it: The experience of PhD students in China, Macau and Hong Kong” at the 10th Higher Education Researchers Association Conference 2024 (https://www.heratpe.com/), Taipei, Taiwan, 5th June 2024. 

2.    Horta, H. Keynote titled “Desafios presentes e futuros dos sistemas de ensino superior na Ásia Oriental: lições para preparar o futuro de ensinos superiores massificados” (Current and future challenges for East Asian Higher Education systems: lessons to prepare for the future of postmassified Higher education systems” at the Conference 50 anos de Mudança e Inovação: As Novas Universidades no Contexto da Democratização Portuguesa (50 years of change and innovation: the new universities in the context of Portuguese democratization), 18th of April 2024, Braga, Portugal.

3.    Horta, H. Keynote titled “International collaborations in the social sciences: what has been achieved and to where we want to take these achievements?” at the Comparative Education Society of Hong Kong conference 2022 (online), Hong Kong, 20th May 2022. 

4.    Horta, H. Keynote titled “Immobility and mobility of academics and ideas” Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação of the University of Porto, Portugal (day of the Faculty), 17th of November 2022 (via zoom). 

5.    Horta, H. Keynote lecture to the President and Senior Management Team of Tohoku University, Japan, on the topic: “Improving, struggling or losing steam? An analysis of the research systems in Hong Kong and Singapore”. Sendai, Japan, 3rd July 2018.

Plenaries

1.    Horta, H. “Mobilities, research productivity, and the chicken-egg conundrum” at the 6th Peking University-University of Wisconsin Higher Education Forum, at Peking University, Beijing, 16th and 17th of May of 2025.

2.    Horta, H. “PhD students drive to publish and the role and future responsibilities of supervisors in the digital age” in the Future of Graduate Education in the Digital Intelligence Era conference, at Beihang University, Beijing, 10th of November, 2024.

3.    Horta, H. “Is the use of bibliometrics by universities to evaluate the performance of academics corrupting research and publication?”. Higher Education Dialogue Series of CHELPS, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 14th of May, 2024.

4.    Horta, H. “Consortium for Higher Education Researchers: from Europe to the world” at the 25th anniversary of The Japanese Association of Higher Education Research (JAHER) International Symposium (via zoom), 13th of May, 2023. https://rihe.hiroshima-u.ac.jp/en/2023/04/5-13-25th-en/ 

5.    Horta, H. "Emerging and near future challenges of higher education in East Asia". Asian Economic Policy Review (AEPR) conference 30th of September 2022, online (via zoom).

6.    Horta, H. “Doctoral education and its purposes: research training for a changing world” held at UCL, London, 9th of June 2021, online, (via zoom). 

7.    Horta, H. Invited by the European Research Area and Innovation Committee (ERAC) to participate as an expert panelist in the plenary workshop “Labour market for research, skills, assessment and monitoring”. Online (via zoom), 15th of December 2020.

8.    Horta, H. Invited by the Higher School of Economics (Russia) to discuss issues related to postdoctoral fellows and programs in a roundtable with experts from all around the world in a plenary session. Online (via zoom), 10th December 2020.

9.    Horta, H. “Effects of Mobility on Research Output, Quality and Visibility of Academics in Hong Kong and Macau”, Internationalization and Quality Management in Higher Education Symposium, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, 26th February 2019. 

10.    Horta, H. “PhD students’ self-perception of skills acquired during the PhD and plans for their postdoctoral careers: a joint analysis of doctoral students at three flagship universities in Asia”, The Douro Seminars. Douro Valley, Portugal, 7th – 9th October 2018.

11.    Horta, H. “What organizational factors influence the choice for potentially disruptive research agendas? An exploratory analysis focusing on the social sciences” in the Technical University of Munich, Burghausen, 27th to 29th of September 2017.

12.    Horta, H. Invited by Prof. Katsuhiro Arai, President of the Japanese Association of Higher Education to present a plenary talk at a thematic session about “Higher Education Research in Asia and Japan” in the 19th Annual Meeting at Otemon Gakuin University, Ibaraki City, Osaka, 26th of June, 2016.

13.    Horta, H. Plenary lecture speaker at the conference “Education and Global cities: prospects of BRICS”, held in Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 14th-15th of May 2015.

14.    Horta, H. Invited by the DG Research of the European Commission to contribute to the plenary panel “Skills for the modern researcher” in the conference “Opening-up to an Era of innovation”, held in Brussels, 22nd – 23rd of June 2015.

15.    Horta, H. Invited by the OECD to participate in the plenary round table “The global competition for talents and diversity of career paths: what use is being made of doctorate holders' competencies?” of the Final conference of the KNOWINNO project on Careers of Doctorate Holders, Brussels, December 2012.

16.    Horta, H. Invited to participate in a conference plenary panel about mobility of scientific researchers’ issues, at the 18th CHER Annual Conference, Jyväskylä, Finland, in September 2005.

Invited lectures - International

1.    Horta, H. Invited by Dr. Michele Meoli to give a seminar at the Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo on the topic “Upcoming Challenges for higher education in East Asia”, Dalmine, Bergamo, 19th of April 2023, 

2.    Horta, H. Invited by Dr. Thais França to hold a seminar at CIES-ISCTE. The seminar was titled: “The publishing craze: the overriding goal of PhD students in mainland China, Hong Kong and Macau” For the Meetings on Studies on China Seminars. Lisbon, 15th of March 2022, online, (via zoom). https://cies.iscte.pt/np4/3271.html 

3.    Horta, H. Invited by Prof. Simon Marginson to lead a Center for Global Higher Education Seminar (CGHE), with William Wat Lo, on the topic: “Hong Kong Universities: navigating in unknown waters”. Online (via zoom), 19th of January 2021. https://www.researchcghe.org/events/cghe-seminar/hong-kong-universities-navigating-in-unknown-waters/ 

4.    Horta, H. Invited by Dr. Lars Geschwind (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) and Dr. Wieland Wermke (Uppsala University) to present on the topic “academic inbreeding and research output: understanding better the processes involved” at the International Research Conference “Scientific communication and gatekeeping in Academia in the 21st Century”, Uppsala University, Department of Education, Blasenhus, 24th and 25th of May 2018.

5.    Horta, H. Invited by Prof. Simon Marginson to present a workshop organized by the Center for Global Higher Education, at the Institute of Education, University College London, on the topic “What factors influence PhD students’ intentions to work outside academia? at UCL, Institute of Education, London, 26th of April 2018.

6.    Horta, H. Invited by Prof. Jeroen Huisman to present a lecture entitled “Higher Education Research in Asia: views on an emerging international community” at the University of Ghent, Belgium, 21st October 2013.

7.    Horta, H. Invited by the DG Research of the European Commission to be Chair and Horta, H. respondent at the “Mobility” session of the “Future of Higher Education – Bologna Process Researchers‟ Conference (FOHE - BPRC)”, Bucharest, October 2011.

8.    Horta, H. Invited by Prof. Roger Geiger and Creso Sá to participate in an internal workshop at the Pennsylvania State University, Center for the Study of Higher Education, about the evolution of the science, technology and higher education system in Portugal in the 20th century, April 2006.

Invited lectures - Regional

1.    Horta, H. Invited by Prof Chuanyi Wang to deliver lectures about the trajectories of doctoral students and graduates in China at the following leading universities in China: Tsinghua University, Peking University and Beijing University of Technology. High level meetings were also conducted at the China Association of Higher Education (CAHE), Tsinghua University, and at Beijing Normal University. Beijing, 10th to the 14th of March, 2025.

2.    Horta, H. Invited by Prof. Anatoly Oleksiyenko to give a conjoint seminar with Prof. Akiyoshi Yonezawa (Tohoku University, Japan) for the Education University of Hong Kong Global Webinars on the topic “Challenges for higher education in East Asia” (via zoom), 20th of April, 2023. https://twitter.com/CIHE_EDUHK/status/1649310962334453761?s=20 

3.    Horta, H. Invited by Prof. Kong Chong Ho to present at a special workshop titled “The challenges of doctoral training in Asian research intensive universities: skills acquisition, satisfaction in programme, and career plan” on the topic “PhD candidate’s career plans and self-perception of skills attained during the PhD: is there a relation between them?“ in the National University of Singapore, Singapore, 26th of May 2017.

4.    Horta, H. Invited by Prof. Jung Cheol Shin to present at the special workshop titled “Doctoral training across higher education systems: global convergence or divergence?” of the 4th International Conference on Academic Profession in the Knowledge Society”, held in Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, 20th of April, 2016

5.    Horta, H. Invited by Prof. Kuzuo Kuroda to present a seminar on the topic: “Mobilities, the research output, and its multidisciplinarity of academics in the Pearl River estuary universities”. Waseda University, Tokyo, 28th June 2018.

6.    Horta, H. Invited by Prof. Jung Cheol Shin to participate in the Knowledge, Innovation and Education Seminar on the topic “Science Policy and mobility of human resources” at the Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, 30th – 31st March 2013.

7.    Horta, H. Invited by Prof. Gerald Postiglione to present a lecture entitled “Academic inbreeding: what is it and how bad can it be, if at all?”, Faculty of Education, The University of Hong Kong, October 2012.

8.    Horta, H. Invited by Prof. Shuangye Chen to present a lecture entitled “Academic inbreeding is a problem or is all about the need for mobility?, Faculty of Education, Chinese University of Hong Kong, October 2012.

9.    Horta, H. Invited by Prof. Yoshimichi Sato, Director of the Center for the Study of Social Stratification and Inequality (CSSI) to present a lecture entitled “Academic inbreeding in Japanese higher education: what leads one to become inbred and its characteristics”, Tohoku University, December 2009.

10.    Horta, H. Invited by Prof. Jun Oba to present a seminar at the Research Institute for Higher Education, University of Hiroshima about internationalization patterns in global research universities, January 2009.

11.    Horta, H. Invited by Prof. Yoshimichi Sato, Director of the Center for the Study of Social Stratification and Inequality (CSSI) to make a presentation on the academic inbreeding empirical analysis for the Mexican higher education system, at Tohoku University, July 2008.

12.    Horta, H. Invited to give a lecture at the Research Institute for Higher Education, University of Hiroshima, about the effects of Academic inbreeding on scholarly production and on the institutional rational for universities to hire their own doctoral students, June 2008.

13.    Horta, H. Invited to give a lecture at the Research Institute for Higher Education, University of Hiroshima, about the relationship between research and teaching, and its effects on scientific productivity, June 2007.

Peer-Reviewed Conference Presentations - International 

1.    Horta, H. (with Monique Wangyi Dai and Giulio Marini) Understanding the job preferences of PhD students using discrete choice experiment methodologies. CHER 36th Annual Conference (https://cher2024.uni.lu/), Luxemburg, 4th – 6th September 2024.

2.    Horta, H. (with João M. Santos) Identifying cluster types of peer-reviewers and their characteristics. CHER 36th Annual Conference (https://cher2024.uni.lu/), Luxemburg, 4th – 6th September 2024.

3.    Horta, H. (with Cláudia Sarrico, Marek Kwiek, Wenqin Shen, and Terhi Nokkala) Navigating Futures in doctoral education: career paths, wellbeing and mentorship. CHER 36th Annual Conference (https://cher2024.uni.lu/), Luxemburg, 4th – 6th September 2024.

4.    Hugo, H. (with Alice Civera and Michele Meoli) Academically inbred leadership of a university and its performance. CHER 36th Annual Conference (https://cher2024.uni.lu/), Luxemburg, 4th – 6th September 2024.

5.    Horta, H. (with João M. Santos) The determinants of homophily across fields of Science. 35th CHER Annual Conference, Vienna, 30th August – 1st September 2023.

6.    Horta, H. (with R. Pinheiro, M. Clarke, Y. Liu, E. Pekkola, A. Yonezawa, and E. Balbachevsky; Panel). The impacts of COVID-19 on the institutional fabric of Higher Education. 35th CHER Annual Conference, Vienna, 30th August – 1st September 2023.

7.    Horta, H. (with Marek Kwiek and Justin Powell) Higher Education Research and its Global Communities: Collaboration Networks, Topics and Large-scale Data. 34th CHER Annual Conference (online), 1st – 2nd September 2022.

8.    Horta, H. Reimagining postdoctoral paths of PhD students in Hong Kong and Macau from the standpoint of students. ECER 2021 Conference (online), 6th-10th of September 2021.

9.    Horta, H. (with Paulo Maia Loureiro and Julia Olmos-Penuela) From the top to the bottom: involving non-academics in academic research. 33rd CHER Annual Conference (online), 1st – 3rd September 2021.

10.    Horta, H. (with João Santos) Development of an instrument to evaluate research agendas across all fields of science. The 32nd Annual CHER Conference, Kassel, 28th – 30th August 2019.

11.    Horta, H. (with Marco Seeber) Determinants of personal and professional satisfaction with doctoral supervision. A study of two flagship East Asian universities. The 32nd Annual Conference, Kassel, 28th – 30th August 2019.

12.    Horta, H. (with Mattia Cattaneo, Sebastian Birolini, Stefano Paleari, and Wenqin Shen) Moving abroad while doing a PhD in STEM fields at Chinese universities: Impact on knowledge creation and networking. The 32nd Annual Conference, Kassel, 28th – 30th August 2019.

13.    Horta, H. Impact of organizational factors on the research agendas of academics in the social sciences. The 2019 CIES 63rd Annual Conference, San Francisco, 14th – 18th April 2019.

14.    Horta, H. Higher-Education Researchers in Asia: The Risks of Insufficient Contribution to International Higher-Education Research. The 31st Annual CHER conference, Moscow, 30th August – 1st September 2018.

15.    Horta, H. (with João Santos) What organizational factors influence the choice for potentially disruptive research agendas? An exploratory analysis focusing on the social sciences. The 31st Annual CHER conference, Moscow, 30th August – 1st September 2018.

16.    Horta, H. (with Jin Jin) Postdoctoral systems, all the same? The case of China. The 31st Annual CHER conference, Moscow, 30th August – 1st September 2018.

17.    Horta, H. (with João Santos) Characterizing the research agenda setting of higher education researchers: an exploratory study. The 30th Annual CHER conference, Jyvaskyla, 28th – 30th August 2017.

18.    Horta, H. (with Mattia Cattaneo, Paolo Malighetti and Michele Meoli) Universities’ attractiveness to students: the Darwinism effect. The 30th Annual CHER conference, Jyvaskyla, 28th – 30th August 2017.

19.    Horta, H. (with Akiyoshi Yonezawa and Aki Osawa) Mobility, formation and development of East and South East Asian academics in STEM. The 2017 CIES 61st Annual conference, Atlanta, 5th-9th March 2017.

20.    Horta, H. (with Michele Meoli and Mattia Cattaneo) The impact of university competition for students on institutional diversity. The 29th Annual CHER conference, Cambridge, UK, 5th–7th September 2016.

21.    Horta, H. The role of academic inbreeding in developing higher education systems: comparing Russia and Portugal. The 2016 CIES 60th Annual conference, Vancouver, Canada, 6th-10th March 2016.

22.    Horta, H. From the end of the PhD to the “safety” of becoming an assistant professor: what determines a quick journey? The 28th Annual CHER conference, Lisbon, Portugal, 7th–9th September 2015.

23.    Horta, H. (with Muriel Pádua). Challenging new frontiers in engineering systems research: complementing network methods and in-depth qualitative research for a better understanding of the social construction of reality? Robotics and Systems in Engineering and Science LARSYS 2014 annual event, Lisbon, Portugal 4th July 2014.

24.    Horta, H. (with Jisun Jung). Higher Education research in Asia: seas of disjuncture, archipelagos and thematic navigation. Comparative Education Society of Hong Kong (CESHK) Annual Conference. Hong Kong SAR, China, 28th February to 1st March 2014.

25.    Horta, H. (with Jung Jung). Higher Education Research in Asia: Moving at Different Speeds and Looking at Different Issues? The 7th World Universities Forum, Lisbon, Portugal, 9th-10th January 2014.

26.    Horta, H. Bringing science and education to society: raising questions and make people think in vulnerable urban contexts. The 26th Annual CHER conference, Lausanne, Switzerland, 9th–11th September 2013.

27.    Horta, H. Higher Education Research in Asia: views on an emerging community. The 26th Annual CHER conference, Lausanne, Switzerland, 9th–11th September 2013.

28.    Horta, H. From the desert to the sea: the story of a research group in microelectronics attaining worldwide research recognition against the odds. Robotics and Systems in Engineering and Science LARSyS Annual meeting. Lisbon, Portugal, 4th-5th July 2013.

29.    Horta, H. (with Joana Duarte). Mobility studies: what can the survey Careers of Doctorate Holders bring to the table? The 3rd International Workshop – Sharing Best Practices in R&D and Education Statistics, Lisbon, 23rd May 2012. 

30.    Horta, H. The international partnership program between Portugal and US research universities: analyzing the impact on Portuguese universities. The 10th European Sociological Association, Geneva, 7th–10th September 2011. 

31.    Horta, H. Exploring the effects of research unit size on academics, scientific productivity and information exchange behaviors: evidence from Portugal. The 24th Annual CHER conference, Reykjavik, Iceland, 23rd–25th June 2011.

32.    Horta, H. Public policies promoting the qualification of human resources and internationalization of academia: mobilizing change at Portuguese universities. The 23rd Annual CHER conference, Oslo,

Norway, 10th-12th June 2010.

33.    Horta, H. Institutional Profiles in a Mixed-methods International Comparative Study. The 23rd Annual CHER conference, Oslo, Norway, 10th-12th June 2010. 

34.    Horta, H. The competitive horizons of faculty and staff mobility in the 21st century knowledge societies: the best science, the best science in the local language or the best local scientists? ASHE 34th Annual conference, Vancouver, Canada, 4th-7th November 2009. (Roundtable organizer and participant in collaboration with Prof. Jussi Valimaa and Dr. David Hoffman)

35.    Horta, H. Organizational characteristics of research units and universities: how do they affect the faculty member’s individual scientific productivity and communication behaviors? The 31st Annual EAIR Forum in Vilnius, Lithuania, 23rd-26th August 2009.

36.    Horta, H. Post-doctoral period: what long-term benefits for academia? at the 21st CHER annual conference, Pavia University, Pavia, Italy, 11th-13th September 2008.

37.    Horta, H. Structural problems in a Portuguese technical university. The NONIUS Seminar, at ISEG, Lisbon, Portugal, 16th November 2007.

38.    Horta, H. What can universities do to regain part of the public trust? The ICT, Transparency and Social Responsibility Conference, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal, 7th-9th November 2007.

39.    Horta, H. Navel grazing: academic inbreeding and scientific productivity. The Atlanta Conference on Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy 2007, at Georgia Tech, Atlanta, US, 19th-20th October 2007.

40.    Horta, H. Looking at the own belly button: academic inbreeding and scientific productivity. The 20th CHER annual conference, at Dublin, Ireland, 30th August-1st September 2007.

41.    Horta, H. Measuring productivity: what is the weight of institutional incentives, resources and structure in the university’s scientific output? The 19th CHER annual conference, at Kassel, Germany, 7th-9th September 2006.

42.    Horta, H. International mobility: policy instrument to diversify? The Association for Institutional Researchers 2006 Summer Data Policy Institute, in Potomac, Maryland, US, 16th-26th June 2006.

43.    Horta, H. Which science base for small and medium sized countries? Looking at research productivity assessments to discuss scale and scope of national science policies. The 8th International Conference on Technology Policy and Innovation, at Lodz, Poland, 6th-8th July 2005.

44.    Horta, H. From public to market support for university research: Is Europe following the US? The 17th CHER Annual conference, at Enschede, The Netherlands, 17th-19th September 2004.

45.    Horta, H. On the role of engineering education and research on the process of technological change: a comparative analysis for 1985-2000. ISEG Globelics Academy, Lisbon, Portugal, on the 26th of May 2004.

46.    Horta, H. University Technology Transfer and Higher Education Policy. George Mason University, Arlington on the 8th of July 2003 (Doctoral Consortium in Technology Policy).

Peer-Reviewed Conference Presentations - Regional

1.    Horta, H. (with Pengjuan Wang) Chinese academics’ motivation to act as peer reviewers for international journals. Annual Conference of the Comparative Education Society of Hong Kong (CESHK), Hong Kong, 22nd – 24th November 2024.

2.    Horta, H. (with Huan Li) Perceived academic working conditions and career choices of Chinese PhD students. Critical University Studies Conference 2024, Hong Kong, 19th -21st of June 2024.

3.    Horta, H. (with Li Tang) Examining perspectives on supporting female academic’s careers: insights from male and female academics at a Chinese Research University. Critical University Studies Conference 2024, Hong Kong, 19th -21st of June 2024.

4.    Horta, H. (with Bruce Macfarlane, Jisun Jung and Anatoly Oleksiyenko) Intellectual leaders and axiological dilemmas: harbingers or hostages of crises? Critical University Studies Conference 2024, Hong Kong, 19th -21st of June 2024.

5.    Horta, H. (with Cally Guerin and Jisun Jung) The future of academic journals – time for a big rethink? Critical University Studies Conference 2024, Hong Kong, 19th -21st of June 2024.

6.    Horta, H. (with Monique Wangyi Dai) Can the adoption of AI technology winden the gender gap in science? 10th Higher Education Researchers Association (HERA) Conference 2024 (https://www.heratpe.com/), Taipei, Taiwan, 5th June 2024.

7.    Horta, H. (with Huan Li) From a PhD experience to a PhD “publish or perish” experience in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Macau: a concerning trend for current PhD education and for future science and academia. CERC/CHERA seminar (online), 16th February 2023.

8.    Horta, H. (with Huan Li), Doctoral journey and career trajectories of Chinese doctoral graduates in academic involution. HERA 2022 Conference (online), 27th– 28th April 2022.

9.    Horta, H. (with Jisun Jung and Gerard Postiglione) Living in Uncertainty: the COVID-119 Pandemic and Higher Education in Hong Kong. 3rd Conference for Higher Education Research, Lingnan University, 13th – 14th November 2020.

10.    Horta, H. (with Wenqin Shen) Current and future challenges of the Chinese research system. 3rd Conference for Higher Education Research, Lingnan University, 13th – 14th November 2020.

11.    Horta, H. Is the engine losing steam? Hong Kong in the global race for knowledge. CESA 2018 Conference, Siam Reap, 10th – 12th May 2018.

12.    Horta, H. Higher-Education Researchers in Asia: The Risks of Insufficient Contribution to International Higher-Education Research. World Education Research Association Focal Meeting and HKERA International Conference, Hong Kong, 30th November-2nd December 2017.

13.    Horta, H. (with Akiyoshi Yonezawa and Aki Osawa) Mobility, formation and development of the academic profession in science, technology, engineering and mathematics in East and South East Asia. The 4th conference of the Higher Education Research Association, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 27th-28th May 2016.

14.    Horta, H. What results from analyzing higher education research communities in Hong Kong, Japan, China, and Malaysia in the international higher education literature: Picasso’s “Guernica” or Malevich “White on white”? 2015 Annual Conference of the Comparative Education Society of Hong Kong (CESHK), Hong Kong Institute of Education, 15th-16th April 2016.

15.    Horta, H. The role of dual appointments in fostering academic research collaborations outside academia: evidence from 33 European countries 2015 Annual Conference of the Comparative Education Society of Hong Kong (CESHK), University of Hong Kong, 6th-7th February 2015

16.    Horta, H. (with Jisun Jung). The contribution of East Asian countries to Internationally published Asian higher education research 2015 Annual Conference of the Comparative Education Society of Hong Kong (CESHK), University of Hong Kong, 6th-7th February 2015

17.    Horta, H. Bringing science and academia to the population: activities to raise questions and make people think in vulnerable urban contexts XVIII ISA World Congress of Sociology, Yokohama, Japan, July 13th -19th July 2014.

18.    Horta, H. The establishment of an international partnership with world class universities: examining the policy options. The Hong Kong Educational Research Association, Annual International Conference, 27th February 2014.

19.    Horta, H. Higher Education Research in Asia: A look from internationally indexed journals in the field. Comparative Education Society of Hong Kong (CESHK) Annual Conference. Hong Kong SAR, China, 23rd February 2013.

20.    Horta, H. Exploring internationalisation and intra-sectoral mobility through their impact on scientific productivity and communication behaviours: a perspective from Japan. Comparative Education Society of Hong Kong (CESHK) Annual Conference, Hong Kong, 25th-26th February 2012.

21.    Horta, H. Internationalizing the University: When Internationalization Strategies at University Level are still Pulled by National Strategies. The 5th International Workshop on Higher Education Reforms, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China, 4th-6th November 2008.